If the building space is modular, eco-friendly and augmentable over time, it’s best done with ABB Building Solutions. Energy distribution and automation suiting the spaces.
— Infrastructure Building Solution If the building space is modular, eco-friendly and augmentable over time, it’s best done with ABB Building Solutions. Energy distribution and automation suiting the spaces.
— Index
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
3
— Building Segment Overview
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
4
— Building Segment Overview Segmentation
In a certain sense, the technology is transversal, but the solutions are effective when the technology is calibrated to the application. The best technical and economic compromise, the best design solutions are the result of experience, system choices and component choices. The careful and detailed analysis of the needs of the case of interest defines the user case.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
5
— Building Segment Overview Segmentation
— Residential
— Commercial
— Institutional
— Infrastructure
— Industrial
Single Family • Houses
Hospitality • Hotels, Resorts, Motels • Dormitories, Lodgings, Rooming • Cruiser ships Office • Low/Mid/High-rise • Multi-purpose • Laboratories • Call centres • Single/Time-share property Retail & Mall • Stores, Hypermarkets • Retail chains, Malls • Restaurants, Food chains • Showrooms Leisure Facilities • Casinos, Theme parks • Sport stadiums, gym-pools • Museum, Theatres
Healthcare • Hospitals • Nursing, Retirement homes • Elderly Care, Day Care • Multi-centres Educational • Schools, Universities, Colleges • Research facilities • Archives, Libraries Public • State/city buildings, Halls • Post-offices • Temples, Historic • Police, Military, Prisons
Transportation • Airports, Ports, Stations • Bus/Truck/Train terminals • Parking facilities • Tunnels
Manufacturing • Factory • Manufacturing • Transformation • Packaging
• Private dwellings • Single Apartments
Multiple Family • Multi family dwelling • Apartment’s complex
Storage • Warehouses • Cold storage plants
Others Industrial • Chemical, Pharmaceutical • Processing • Telecom
Others Infrastructure • Water/Sewage treatment
• Power Plants • Agricultural
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
6
— Building Segment Overview Core needs
Currently, the strategic lines that guide the definition of the characteristics of a building are aimed at satisfying 4 classes of fundamental needs:
— Health & comfort
— Life cycle cost and value
— Environmental footprint
— Future proof assets
These classes of basic needs can be translated into 7 performances that measure the quality of the building itself. Transversal aspects common to all the required performances are scalability and modularity, more important the more rapidly the market demands change.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
7
— Building Segment Overview Building performances
— Connectivity
— Efficiency
— Total Cost of Ownership
— Sustainability
The building enables its intelligent components to connect providing proper cyber security, preventing software vulnerabilities
The building optimizes the energy consumption and supports the efficient use of resources.
The building gives the transparency of the operating and maintenance
The building aims to reduce the CO 2 footprint of its operation in accordance global standards for people and planet.
costs. Warnings occur before a major fault.
and minimizing risks associated with data flow and storage.
— Flexibility
— Productivity
— Well-being
The building technology allows it to adapt easily to new usage requirements.
The building increases the productivity of employees, sets the right conditions (light, air quality, temperature …) adapting to the occupancy and expected performances.
The building technology keeps employees and visitors healthy.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
8
— Infrastructure Solution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
9
— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Introduction
The economy and the society needs reliable infrastructure to connect supply chains and efficiently move goods, services and people from one place to other and across borders. Infrastructure connects households across metropolitan areas to higher quality opportunities for employment, healthcare and education. Clean energy and public transit can reduce greenhouse gases.
INFRASTRUCTURE TYPES (common types of infrastructures) Airports
Transport infrastructure is a critical ingredient in economic development at all levels of income. It supports personal well-being and economic growth. Transport infrastructure plays a role as a capital input into production and wealth generation. The indirect contribution of infrastructure to economic development arises through a multitude of channels, including the enabling of productive private investment, the creation of new activities (supply chains), or the reshaping of economic geography. Transport infrastructure is a necessary input into the production of transport services which, in turn, are necessary to allow for the market exchange of final goods and inputs (including labour) – or for broader welfare benefits (e.g., travel time savings). Given its central economic role, transport infrastructure is often referred to as the backbone of a modern economy.
Railways
Marine
Intermodal
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Introduction
Airports may be owned and operated by governments but in the majority of cases they are public/private businesses but legislated by international and local government standards.
So what we can see from this diagram is that the airport is a complex economic entity in its own right but very importantly there is an income derived and there is correspondingly expenditure. There is limited opportunity for ABB to influence the income but certainly the case that ABB solutions can influence the costs and efficiency in a number of ways.
Typically airports are owned and operated as groups for example MAG (Manchester Airport group) which currently owns and operates Manchester, Stansted, and East Midlands airport in the UK this is a typical scenario in many countries. East midlands a small local airport is centrally located in UK with excellent road and rail links and has the 2nd largest of volume of freight in the UK whereas Manchester and Stansted are international serving the North and South of the country respectively. The airport is part of the local economy we're not only airport activity and the commercial revenues generated are important but the peripheral industry, manufacturing, distribution on adjacent sites and tourism. For example some airports may have an enterprise zone adjoining which would include the supporting industries for aviation such as maintenance, food preparation etc. but would also include industries that rely heavily on aviation for transport and the movement of staff between countries, so this typically includes high tech companies where transport infrastructure is important example IT giant Cisco offices are by preference located by Airports Coming back to the example of Manchester airport which is a core part of Greater Manchester’s economy. It employs 25,000 people directly on site and 76,000 indirectly, generating £4.5 billion for the local economy. Globally Aviation and related tourism supports over 87.7 million jobs both directly and indirectly.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Points of interaction
Airports are always divided into two distinct areas named Landside and Airside.
Airside includes all access to aircraft, including runways taxiways and ramps. Passengers on commercial flights access airside through terminals where they would buy ticket, checking complete security checks.
At the point the passenger clears security checks they cross the RZ (restricted Zone boundary) into an area that is more security visibility and controlled.
Within the RZ zone there are waiting areas, shops etc. but only security cleared passengers and staff are allowed in this zone.
One a passenger leaves the building to board an aircraft either airbridge, or bus then they are effectively airside. Baggage handling, maintenance for example landside within the RZ area.
Landside
Airside
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Points of interaction
8 distinct types of spaces are required to offer passengers and staff a like a quality airport experience.
AIRPORT OPERATION CENTER
LUGGAGE HANDLING
AIRPORT ARRIVAL
AIRPORT DEPARTURE
FLIGHT TAKE-OFF AND LANDING
PASSENGER & LUGGAGE TRANSFER
LEISURE, ARRIVAL & DEPARTURE
SECURITY CHECK & OFFICES
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Emerging trends
The COVID pandemic is establishing a new normal, which is of primary importance within airports. Under the guidance of WHO and local authority, procedures has been designed to guarantee the correct operating levels. Focus will remain on following general guidelines.
Improve Revenue
• Indoor Positioning System • Improved Indoor Air Quality • Ease of airport transit Passenger Experience
• Targeted Ads and promotions • In flight Shopping • Leisure/entertainment services • Improved passenger traffic • Automated transit service
Airport Trends
• Both physical and virtual i.e., cyber security infrastructure • Biometric • Track & trace • Video surveillance & analytics • Smart Security gates Airport Security
• Electric mobility • Chemical Waste Management • Water Conservation Sustainability
• Services automation • Digitization Operational Efficiency
• Resource & capacity planning • Mobile-enabled operations
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Customer needs
For the airport, our research shows 9 key requirements need to be addressed, which are anchored in the 4 customer needs categories.
Health and Comfort
Life cycle cost and value
Enviromental footprint
PASSENGER THERMAL COMFORT The passenger experience plays vital role in maintaining airport reputation to increase traffic and hence the revenue. Many steps of the passenger journey, such as check-in, security, and boarding, take place within densely populated spaces which require adequate lighting, temperature, humidity, and air quality parameters. SAFE & SMOOTH JOURNEY Seamless travel means an optimum passenger experience in which the traveler completes the entire airport journey without experiencing delays, disruption, or confusion. Passenger stress is avoided within a professionally managed airport in which occupiers feel safe and well taken care of.
BUSINESS COUNTINUITY In addition to external factors which can impact airport operations, downtime can be caused by poor machine adjustment, bad maintenance, or reduced availability of parts, materials, labor, or power. Operators need to reduce failure risks as much as possible for the continuity of all land- and airside activities. ENHANCED REVENUE STREAMS Air transportation hubs enable a wide variety of businesses. Although the proportion of revenues which derivates from aeronautical activities is still the highest, other sources such as retail, parking, car hire, short time accommodation and office space rental represent a significant portion of total airport business. Both airport management and non- aeronautical business operators want to create favorable conditions for passengers to use their services. EFFECTIVE OPERATION Airports are typically owned by governments or by large institutional public/private groups. In both cases, the top priority is to run the airport according to the highest quality standards, with the lowest administrative, staffing, utilities, and maintenance costs possible. How resources are managed directly impact the financial viability and the ROI potential of the airport.
SUSTAINABILITY GOALS Because of their strategic importance for nations and communities, and private/public ownership structure, as well as the inherent environmental impact of air travel, airports have the responsibility to implement comprehensive sustainability programs, mainly focused on landside operations. Goals have clear targets to reduce emissions related to energy and environmental waste management. SIMPLIFIED CERTIFICATION Many airports pursue building performance certifications and look to reduce the effort necessary to obtain the credits, which involves detailed documentation and information about power and energy systems among others. They value access to reliable and consolidated data.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Infrastructure Vertical Profile Customer needs
Future proof assets
SAFE INFRASTRUCTURE The top priority for airport operators is to avoid incidents that could endanger the life of personnel, visitors, and travelers. International security requirements are constantly evolving to prevent such incidents, which drive the need for flexible yet robust physical and cyber-security measures, and continuous operation of mission critical systems. INTEGRATED OPERATION During the long lifetime of airports, new components will be deployed to upgrade, replace, or complement the existing systems. Demand is high for hardware and software which integrate those seamlessly, especially those that unlock new capabilities with greater visibility across applications.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Building segment performance for infrastructure
Before getting into the details of how technology can serve those needs, it is crucial to address them with the 7 Building Performances as identified within the ABB holistic approach. Based on their priorities, customers can effectively create their own strategy leveraging ABB building solution technologies, to serve their needs through selected Building Performances.
— Sustainability
— Total Cost of Ownership
— Efficiency
— Flexibility
— Connectivity
— Well-being
— Productivity
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Building segment performance for infrastructure
— Flexibility
— Sustainability
Infrastructure buildings such as airports and railways are highly dynamic transportation hubs , which need to adapt to changing flow of passengers, and modifications to security and safety protocols. A flexible set of buildings which can rapidly adapt to allocate the proper resources to dedicated areas of the airport as required by business processes and health regulations, is becoming a must to streamline operations. Being ready to scale-up operations based on increased demand is made possible with a flexible buildings approach.
To honor the commitments made as part of their sustainability policy, airports enter agreements to produce or purchase renewable electricity , pledge CO2 compensation, acquire low/no-emission vehicles and implement environmental programs including chemical waste, water, and energy management. Such measures facilitate the obtention of building performance certification schemes such as LEED or BREEAM.
— Well-being
— Total Cost of Ownership
Giving travelers peace of mind and providing a comfortable, hassle-free journey through the airport requires airport to be well informed on the performance of all systems, continuously monitoring equipment conditions to deliver the ideal experience to occupiers, whether they are dropping luggage, shopping, relaxing in a lounge, going through security, or waiting to board. Digital systems enable self-service options, real-time data-sharing and advanced security features.
The financial implications of developing, owning, and maintaining a large size airport are comparable in scope and complexity to those of a small city. Stable airport ownership structures mean that passenger and freights traffic are the main financial value drivers. Investments in this sector are planned for long periods of time, which means tight control of operation and maintenance costs is key to profitability. Reliable and connected equipment ensure failure avoidance, continuous long-term and uninterrupted operation.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Building segment performance for Infrastructure
— Efficiency
— Productivity
The transitional nature of airport operation offers many opportunities to avoid wasting resources such as electricity, gas, water, whilst maintaining satisfactory comfort levels for passengers and staff. By closely monitoring energy consumption with appropriate granularity, airports can predict and identify optimal operational patterns to drive significant savings.
Airports host highly specialized employees, as well as general cleaning and maintenance staff. Challenges to recruit qualified personnel, alongside the need to reduce operational budgets, push airports to increasingly use automation for functions such as check-in, luggage handling, security processing, and central building management systems. In conjunction with technology, providing ideal indoor environmental conditions not only increases worker productivity, but also increase the value of passenger journey. Predictive maintenance schemes enable collection and analysis of key data to avoid downtime.
— Connectivity
The transportation sector is at the forefront of digitalization. The large number of IoT and other connected devices on sites such as airports require a large scale and highly secure IT infrastructure, on which critical systems such as HVAC, power systems, passenger processing and continuous CCTV monitoring are hosted. Airports have the most stringent security requirements to instantly act on both physical and cyber threats.
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Energy and economic saving
Automation systems can play a fundamental role in reducing energy consumption in the tertiary sector which has now become the most energy-intensive sector in the main industrialized countries.
The standard EN 15232 standard allows a simple and recognized estimation of energy and economic savings related to the adoption of an automation system that was previously quite delicate and complex.
Definition of classes Residential D C B
Non residential D C B
The automation classes according to the European standard EN 15232
A
A
EMISSION CONTROL Heating control The control system is installed at the emitter or room level, far case 1 one system can control several rooms 0 No automatic control 1 Central automatic control 2 Individual room automatic control by thermostatic valves or electronic controller 3 Individual room control with communication between controllers and to BACS 4 Integrated individual room control including demand control (by occupancy, air quality, etc.)
Control of distribution network hot water temperature (supply or return) Similar function can be applied to the control of direct electric heating networks 0 No automatic control 1 Outsider temperature compensated control 2 Indoor temperature control Control of distribution pumps The controlled pumps can be installed at different levels in the network 0 No control 1 On off control 2 Variable speed pump control with constant Dp 3 Variable speed pump control with proportional Dp
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Energy and economic saving
The savings estimated according to the European standard EN 15232
BUILDING
BUILDING TYPE
f BAC.EL
f BAC.HC
D
C
B
A
D
C
B
A
Offices
1.10 1.06 1.07 1.05 1.07 1.04 1.08
0.93 0.94 0.93 0.98 0.95 0.96 0.95
0.87 0.89 0.86 0.96 0.90 0.92 0.91
1.51 1.24 1.20 1.31 1.31 1.23 1.56
0.80 0.75 0.88 0.91 0.85 0.77 0.73
0.70 0.5 a 0.80 0.86 0.68 0.68 0.6*
Lecture hall
School
Non residential
Hospital
Hotel
1
1
Restaurant
Wholesale and retail trade service buildings
Single family houses
Residential
Apartment block Other res. Building or similar
1.08
0.93
0.92
1.10
0.88
0.81
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Communication
The communication between different sub-systems within the same building or the visualization via the internet of images of the rooms following an alarm, are functions easily achievable in a bus system.
The main points to be considered are:
• Simplicity of wiring Using bus technology wiring for the connection between the devices, all data and information travel on a simple twisted pair, thus saving on the material and time spent laying the cables. Using a 6-conductor cable, you can also bring power and speech to the various devices. The possibility of using a simple 6-conductor cable compared to the considerable bundle of cables (or the large multipolar cable) traditionally used, considerably facilitates installation, reducing installation times. • Modularity By turning to systems that use modular technology, it is possible to make the system evolve over time, starting from the basic functions and subsequently adding the other functions, without nullifying the investments already made. • Continuity of service and ease of maintenance By taking advantage of the internal self-diagnosis and anomaly recognition functions present in some systems, it is possible to immediately identify any faults. If necessary, the electronic modules can be replaced without having to interrupt the operation of the system, thus ensuring continuity of service. In addition, the electronic room control modules, if installed in the corridor, could be replaced without having to enter the patient’s room. In this way, no disturbance is caused to the patients and doctors and nurses can safely continue to operate according to their needs, while the technical maintenance staff can intervene promptly.
A bus system can satisfy communication needs related to security, control and entertainment such as the activation of video surveillance cameras or the sending via internet of images of the rooms following an alarm, it allows to understand if there is really the issue or if it is just a false alarm. All the functions implemented in the various systems of a building can also be controlled remotely through the use of web servers or remote controllers on land or mobile networks. The video system becomes an integral part of the automation system, allowing, among other functions, communication between the different workstations within the same structure. The different communication solutions between staff and between them and occupants allow for important results, including ease of use, savings in installation and management and improvement of the service offered.
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Access control
MODULAR Modular architecture with stand alone graphics or that can be integrated into third party scada systems
SIMPLE CONFIGURATION Plug and play system. Just add the devices on the KNX line
SIMPLE MANAGEMENT Procedures for assigning access permissions simplified with various levels of user privilege
DIAGNOSTICS Integrated diagnostics for system alarms or faults
EXTENSION Simple and minimally invasive functionality extension
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Security
The integration of systems such as the alarm system, video surveillance and technical alarms allows to reduce installation costs without affecting performance. The presence alarm system can communicate with the video surveillance, lighting and other systems of the structure: the integration of the different systems therefore allows for a higher level of security and lower costs than single stand-alone systems. Many devices can be used multi-functionally by several systems.
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Comfort
— HVAC control - Comfort and efficiency in the same architecture
The increase in the comfort offered by the building and the quality of living are among the best known advantages of an automation control system. Lights and shutters of a room or a series of rooms can be grouped so that they can be controlled automatically or autonomously even by fragile people. This allows to conveniently turn off all the lights in an area with a single gesture, close the windows, put all the systems you want in standby condition (e.g. cooling), activate alarms, etc. By integrating the traditional functions of an electrical system with the control and automation functions of communication to and from the building, the usability of the structures is increased. Through thermoregulation, the system plays a fundamental role not only in minimizing consumption, but also in improving comfort. People with disabilities or with temporary or permanent mobility limitations can receive assistance in using the spaces and their functions. The solutions that in most cases meet these needs can be: • video surveillance cameras; • dedicated voice commands; • remote controls with specific features such as large illuminated buttons; • large parade buttons; • alarms reported on mobile phones in case of detection of flooding, gas leaks, open doors or windows, etc; • emergency call with dedicated or pull button.
HVAC SYSTEMS All HVAC is managed by the building management system
CENTRALIZED THERMAL EQUIPMENT All the equipment for heating and cooling (Boiler - Chiller-UTA - VRV Free cooling) can be integrated into the system and managed locally by PLC / Inverter
INTEROPERABILITY All the communication protocols can be integrated
DISTRIBUTED EQUIPMENT AND SENSORS All the equipment and sensors distributed in the rooms (fan coils, valves and thermostats) can be integrated and managed on the KNX protocol
FLEXIBILITY A flexible and modular architecture allowing to face all the possible cases
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Living & Comfort – Energy saving and comfort
LIGHTING Lighting management is integrated into the system
ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND COMFORT Natural and artificial light are exploited to ensure the best conditions of comfort and energy efficiency
AUTOMATED MANAGEMENT The building manages itself thanks to presence, brightness and air quality sensors
INTEGRATION WITH SPECIFIC PROTOCOLS Management of the lighting system on DALI bus
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— Features expected from airport solution Automation, control and supervision
— Management
The supervision and control systems allow the monitoring of all the vital parameters of buildings, facilitates ordinary and extraordinary maintenance and optimizes the archiving of all data with connection to management software packages.
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— Features expected from airport solution Energy Management
— The tools for managing and controlling building energy consumption
— Building Energy Manager System expected features
Energy Managers, building owners, and Facility Managers are all too familiar with the pressure to reduce costs and energy consumption while maintaining occupant comfort. Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units as well as storage and energy distribution. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have permanent access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions. In this sense, the choice of tool for managing and controlling building energy consumption and costs together with the BMS and the electrical power distribution scheme constitute the fundamental elements of the design of an electrical system, on which the analysis and development of the solution will depend. The ideal tool for managing and controlling building energy consumption and costs is user friendly, reporting and charting are so intuitive and easy to understand that it is not limited to use by expert energy managers. The solution shall be tailored to meet the individual requirements of each customer. The right solution focuses on energy management in order to analyze energy consumption and target savings in a building, enabling energy efficiency improvements and the continuous commissioning of the building.
Cloud-based BEMS access to the meter and sensor information in the building over the internet. The information is collected from the BAS via a secure fixed IP connection and the end-user accesses their information by logging into a dedicated website using their unique username and password. No limit to the number of meters and sensor points you can connect to the service across any geographical location is essential for large organizations but useful also for any other context. The possibility to works with any third-party systems such as Tridium, BACnet, and standalone systems via the SQL or MS Access database where the meter and sensor information is stored is crucial to avoid any limitation in existing building as well as in fully new installations.
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— Features expected from airport solution Energy Management
— Analysis and charting
— Increasing awareness & encouraging behavioural change A web-based public information display can communicate information on a building’s energy performance and provides tips and recommendations of how employees can assist in reducing energy consumption. By publically engaging people in energy efficiency behavioural change, there is the potential to improve energy efficiency by a further 5% over other energy efficiency measures in an organization. It also goes beyond the building bringing this positive behaviour into the wider public arena. • Improve building energy performance • Energy savings of up to 5% over other energy efficiency measures through behavioural change • Reduce cost and carbon footprint • Communicates energy policy & strategy to the public • According with ISO 50001
— Reporting
The BEMS analysis and charting shows how, where, and when energy consumptions are. Energy consumption data can be analyzed in a number of different ways from spectral analysis displays, regression analysis, actual versus target graphing, and lots more. Charting: • View real-time energy information in day, week, month, year and custom view • Compare time periods, meters and export data Analysis: • View energy patterns using the Spectral Analysis tool • Set targets based on driving factors or fixed parameters • Compare actual versus target • Access regression analysis, overspend and cumsum charts • Analyze energy consumption compared to a smart target for real-time energy management
Reports are an important tool for ongoing energy control by helping managers and key decision-makers keep track of energy-saving initiatives, verify if and where savings have been made, and when targets have been achieved. Fully customized reporting feature allows to generate instant or scheduled reports on energy consumption, costs, carbon emissions, performance versus targets, as well as tenant costs reports.
— Monitoring and alarms
Alarms viewed via the map based interface are particularly useful for a quick overview of multiple buildings in multiple locations for bureau or monitoring centres: • Anomalies detected in energy consumed versus expected consumption • Alarm reports issued via email • Analysis of historical alarms can help identify potential ongoing issues.
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— Features expected from airport solution Service continuity
— General distribution schemes
There are no real specific technical standard references for the choice of the electricity distribution scheme, also in consideration of the fact that this choice is necessarily free and dependent on the process served. Electricity distribution systems are a fundamental infrastructure for most business processes and help to determine their performance in terms, for example, of energy management, safety, reliability and maintainability. If plant safety is an essential property as a legal requirement, reliability, availability and maintainability are instead characteristics of the plant that directly impact the business. The possible configurations that an electrical distribution system can assume can generally be traced back to three fundamental schemes:
Characteristic
Scheme simple radial
double radial
ring
Reliability
min min min max min min
max max max
avg
Service continuity
avg 1 avg 2 avg 2
Voltage stability
Losses
min
Initial cost
max max max
avg avg avg avg
Service and maintenance cost
Flexibility
min
Management
max
avg
• the simple radial scheme; • the double radial scheme; • the ring.
1 If short interruptions of service are acceptable in case of breakdowns or work on the system. 2 It is a function of the point where the ring is kept open.
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— Features expected from airport solution E-Mobility
— EV charging stations
Hospitality building should be equipped with a modern infrastructure EV charging stations, the access is from a ramp with automatic access control and power supply is configured for EV chargers. The power distribution is dimensioned so that all chargers can operate at the same time at full power; in the future the user will have the possibility to increase the number of EV chargers without modify the installation thanks to reserve designed and to the load management function. Load management makes sure that the available capacity of the building is not exceeded. At times when the current demand is high, the EV charger will pause the charge session. The charge session will start again when there is availability on the grid. Slow charging is perfect for employee cars staying for the whole day in the parking, while fast chargers are perfect solution for parking place reserved for visitors, enabling re- charge in a shorter time. The charging unit should be connected to the internet via GSM, WiFi or LAN for perfect integration into smart building system and configuration via app. Simplified authentication via either RFID or App provides flexibility for public-use case applications. Protection and safety of power supply are ensured by protection devices and automatic switches. Consumptions are kept under control and energy meters are integrated into BMS for the asset management.
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— Testimonials from ABB technology users
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— Testimonials from ABB technology users
IRELAND
DUBLIN AIRPORT TERMINAL 1 & 2
— Dublin International Airport is Ireland’s busiest airport and is also amongst the ten busiest airports in Europe.
Dublin Airport manages an average of 60,000 passengers per day, rising to 80,000 during the peak season, and more than 600 aircrafts movements every day. Operated by the Dublin Airport Authority. UnitronUC32 OPC server provides the new terminal with a fully integrated solution. The OPC server allows integration between the ABB Cylon® BEMS and other systems such as lifts, luggage conveyors, lighting, security and fire security. All systems can be viewed and monitored from a single PC using the OPC interface.
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— Testimonials from ABB technology users
— When the new part of ShenZhen International Airport was built the decision was made for the ABB i-bus®. The construction took 1 year, from February 2003 to February 2004. The ABB i-bus®controls all the lighting systems of the public area, mainly by a central computer.
CHINA
SHENZHEN AIRPORT
What were the challenges in fulfilling thewishes of the customer? The challenge was to display the contact status on a central computer.
Why was the decision for a KNX solution made? The complete range and functionality of the ABB modular DIN rail system as well as the open protocol of KNX allowing easy system integration with other 3rd party products and systems and the high quality performance of KNX system were reasons for the decision.
Applications
Lighting Control and Regulation • Switching • Central Control
• Time Control • Light Scenes
Central Automation • Complex Logical Operations • Time Control
Other Applications • Optical fibre interface communication for long distance link
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— Testimonials from ABB technology users
— Inaugurated in July 2010, Terminal 3 at Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi, has a capacity of 34 million passengers a year and is reputed to be the fifth largest airport passenger terminal in the world.
INDIA
INDIRA GANDHI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT TERMINAL 3
The huge 111,600 square meter complex is arranged on nine levels and has two piers, each of which is 1.2 km long. The airport's vital statistics include 169 check-in counters, 78 gates, 97 automatic walkways, 96 immigration counters, 20,000 sq m of retail space and 14 baggage carousels. All of this requires lighting and illumination. Even though 80 percent of the terminal's structure is made of glass, the airport's lighting system is huge. It comprises more than 100,000 light fittings and illumination points, and some 11,000 electrical and electronic devices like actuators, dimmers and detectors.
Why was the decision for a KNX solution made?
The Delhi Airport project represents an outstanding reference for KNX. The flexibility of the system, its connectivity with other standards and the option of combining decentralized functions to one central building management hub are major benefits and deciding factors for the KNX system. This latter function is performed using IP routers, KNXnet/IP and Ethernet network. This allows central control of the lighting system and connection of error messaging via interfaces with the Building Management System.
Which measures to increase the energy efficiency of the building were intended?
What were the challenges in fulfilling the wishes of the customer?
For safety and security reasons, the lighting in some parts of the terminal has to be switched on 24 hours a day. But in other parts of the complex, such as the gates, restrooms and the arrivals and departures halls, the ABB solution uses its unique scope for energy-efficient lighting management to the full. It does this by activating, deactivating, switching and dimming the lighting in accordance with preset demand, timing and occupation patterns.
In such an airport building, the lighting must be switched on 24 hours a day. Nevertheless, the customer requested energy-conserving lighting management as brightness can be reduced, and automatic dimming/ switching can follow patterns of demand. It is possible to make maximum use of daylight, and systems can be automated using timing and occupation programs. The capability of the KNX system is demonstrated by the fact that it can cope with 100,000 light fittings which are switched and dimmed.
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— Solution architecture
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
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— Building typology Airport enviroment
The entire Airport building may or may not contain different areas dedicated to specific functions.
01. Underground Carpark 02. Open parking 03. Pick-up and drop-off points
14
04. Bus terminal 05. Train station 06. Lobby and common areas 07. Security check 08. VIP lounge 09. Retail Shops & Mall 10. Electrical & Mechanical Room 11. Arrival & departure gates 12. Escalators, moving walkway & elevator
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07
11
06
13
08
03
09
19
12
18
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13. Luggage carousel 14. Baggage transfer 15. Aerobridge 16. Airside 17. Air traffic control 18. Airport operation center 19. Services spaces
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02
10
01
05
04
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
38
— Building typology Airport enviroment - Passenger Arrival
— Underground car park
— Open parking
It is an underground space to park vehicles. Apart from air quality, fully enclosed car parks must maintain appropriate level of light to allow people and vehicles move around easily and safely.
Open car park does not require any mechanical ventilation, but it must have lighting in place to ensure safe movement of people and vehicle. Open car park can also be used for vehicle charging.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Motors and drives – smoke extraction motors • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting
List of building applications • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
• EV Charging – EV charging stations • Power Distribution – Final distribution
• EV Charging – EV charging stations • Power Distribution – Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
39
— Building typology Airport enviroment - Passenger Arrival
— Pick-up and drop-off points
— Bus terminal
Pick-up and Drop-off area must have lighting in place to ensure safe movement of people and vehicle.
A bus terminus is a designated place where a bus or coach starts or ends its scheduled route.
List of building applications • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • EV Charging – EV charging stations • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
40
— Building typology Airport enviroment - Passenger Arrival
— Train station
A train station, railway station, railroad station or depot is a railway facility or area where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers, freight, or both.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
• Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
41
— Building typology Airport enviroment - Lobby and common areas
— Lobby and common areas
— Security check
Airport Lobby and common areas include ticket counter, manual check-in counter, baggage transfer, self-check-in counter, sitting areas and convenience shops.
Security check includes the whole area where passengers and boarding passes are controlled under certain security parameters before getting accepted to boarding. List of building applications
List of building applications
• HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
• HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
• Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Final distribution
• Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
42
— Building typology Airport enviroment
— Retail Shops & Mall
— VIP lounge
Retail shops & mall, also known as a duty-free shop, is a retail outlet whose goods are exempt from the payment of certain local or national taxes and duties, on the requirement that the goods sold will be sold to travelers who will take them out of the country.
An airport lounge is a facility operated at many airports. Airport lounges offer, for selected passengers, comforts beyond those afforded in the airport terminal itself, such as more comfortable seating, quieter environments, and often better access to customer service representatives. Other accommodations may include private meeting rooms, telephones, wireless internet access and other business services, along with provisions to enhance passenger comfort, such as free drinks, snacks, magazines, and showers.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Sub distribution & Final distribution
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
• Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
43
— Building typology Airport enviroment
— Arrival & departure gates
— Escalators, moving walkway & elevator
Departure and arrival gates is the portion of an airport that connects an aircraft with its payload. Gates may include a waiting area for passengers before boarding their flight.
An escalator is a moving staircase which carries people between floors of a building or structure. Moving walkway is a slow-moving conveyor mechanism that transports people across a horizontal or inclined plane over a short to medium distance. Moving walkways can be used by standing or walking on them. They are often installed in pairs, one for each direction.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection
List of building applications • Motors and drives – Motors & drives • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
• Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
44
— Building typology Airport enviroment
— Luggage carousel
— Baggage transfer
A baggage carousel is a device, generally at an airport, that delivers checked luggage to the passengers at the baggage reclaim area at their destination.
Checked baggage is luggage delivered to an airline for transportation in the hold of an aircraft.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Motors and drives – Motors & drives • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
List of building applications • EV Charging – EV charging stations • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
45
— Building typology Airport enviroment
— Aerobridge
— Airside
Aerobridge is an enclosed, movable connector which most commonly extends from an airport terminal gate to an airplane.
The airside area includes all parts of the airport around the aircraft, and the parts of the buildings that are restricted to staff, and sections of these extended to travelling, airside shopping, dining, or waiting passengers.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
List of building applications • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
INFRASTRUCTURE BUILDING SOLUTION
46
— Building typology Airport enviroment
— Air traffic control
— Airport operation center
Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through a given section of controlled airspace and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots.
Airport operation center responsible for space and infrastructure, such as planning, design, workplace, construction, lease, occupancy, maintenance, and furniture.
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • EV Charging – EVCI • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution • ABB Ability • Energy Management
List of building applications • HVAC Controls – Thermal comfort, ventilation control • Room wiring and control • Lighting Control – Lighting control, occupancy detection • Emergency lighting – Emergency lighting • Power Distribution – sub distribution & Final distribution
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